Culture in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia holds a deeply rooted cultural identity shaped by Islamic tradition, Arab heritage, and the long history of the Arabian Peninsula. As the birthplace of Islam and home to its two holiest cities, Makkah and Madinah, the Kingdom has a significant cultural and spiritual influence across the Muslim world. Saudi cultural values emphasize family, community, hospitality, respect, and religious commitment.

In recent years, the Kingdom has embraced cultural development as part of Saudi Vision 2030, expanding opportunities in arts, tourism, entertainment, and heritage preservation while maintaining its strong cultural foundations.

Demographic Overview

As of 2024, the population of Saudi Arabia is estimated at approximately 36.3 million people. Saudi citizens make up around 63% of the population, while expatriates represent about 37%, originating mainly from South Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Western countries. The presence of foreign residents contributes to cultural diversity in urban centers, particularly in Riyadh, Jeddah, and the Eastern Province.


Indicator

Saudi Arabia Statistics (2024)

Total Population

~36,300,000

Saudi Citizens

~63%

Expatriate Population

~37%

Population Rank Globally

~41

Nationality

Saudi

Languages Spoken

Arabic (official); English widely used in business and education

Religions

Islam (official state religion)


Cultural Foundations

Saudi culture is built around:

  • Islamic Faith: Religious practices and traditions play a central role in daily life, social etiquette, and public culture.

  • Arabic Heritage: Literature, poetry, calligraphy, and storytelling are key cultural expressions.

  • Tribal and Family Structure: Family remains the core social unit, with strong emphasis on kinship and community support.

  • Hospitality: Welcoming guests generously is a long-standing cultural value, reflected in traditional customs like serving coffee and dates.

Cultural Highlights

National Celebrations:

  • Saudi National Day (September 23) marks the unification of the Kingdom.

  • Founding Day (February 22) honors the establishment of the first Saudi state.

  • Islamic holidays such as Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha are widely celebrated with family gatherings and traditional customs.

Traditional Arts and Crafts:
 The Kingdom preserves heritage through:

  • Al-Ardah (traditional sword dance)

  • Nabati poetry

  • Handwoven textiles

  • Pottery and jewelry craftsmanship

Cuisine:
 Saudi cuisine features rice, lamb, chicken, dates, and aromatic spices. Popular dishes include:

  • Kabsa

  • Mandi

  • Jareesh

  • Arabic coffee served with dates

Modern Cultural Influence:
 Saudi Arabia is experiencing a growing cultural and creative movement, with:

  • Museums and heritage villages

  • Performing arts centers and film production initiatives

  • Major cultural events such as Riyadh Season, Jeddah Season, and AlUla arts festivals

Summary

Saudi Arabia’s cultural identity blends deep historical and religious roots with a growing modern cultural and creative sector. The Kingdom continues to preserve its traditions while welcoming global engagement, cultural exchange, and innovation in accordance with national development goals.